IELTS Coherence and Cohesion: Make Ideas Easier to Follow

Build coherence before adding connectors

Start with a simple outline: your position, two reasons, and the evidence or explanation for each reason. Put related sentences in the same paragraph and make the order of ideas predictable.

A reader should be able to summarise the main point of each paragraph in one sentence. If not, the paragraph may contain two arguments that need separating.

Use cohesive devices for real relationships

Words such as however, therefore, for example and in contrast signal a relationship. Use them only when that relationship exists. Overusing them can make an essay sound mechanical.

Other cohesive tools include pronouns, reference words and precise noun phrases. For example, after introducing public transport, you can use this system or these services instead of repeating the same phrase in every sentence.

• Contrast: however, whereas, although.
• Cause and result: because, therefore, as a result.
• Illustration: for example, for instance.
• Sequence: first, then, finally—use sparingly in formal essays.

Check the reading path

During revision, read the first sentence of every paragraph in sequence. Do they form a logical argument? Then check the final sentence of each paragraph: does it close the point or lead naturally to the next one?

The Writing Checker can identify some linking signals, but a high number of connectors is not automatically better. Clarity is the goal.